Download PDF 2012 AP Psychology Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement

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Filename:	[PDF] 2012 AP Psychology Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement.pdf
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Description:	Download file or read online AP past exam paper 2012 AP Psychology Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers and FRQ Free Response Questions with Scoring Guidelines - Collegeboard Advanced Placement.

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Psychology Practice Exam From the 2012 Administration This Practice Exam from the 2012 international administration is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Exams may not be posted on school or personal websites, nor electronically redistributed for any reason. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to other online services such as the AP Teacher Community and Online Score Reports.

Contents Exam Instructions Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions Section II: Free-Response Questions Multiple-Choice Answer Key Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the 2011−12 AP Exam Instructions book and in the actual exam. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1. © 2012 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html.

B Exam Instructions The following contains instructions taken from the 2011−12 AP Exam Instructions book.

219 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP® Psychology Exam Regularly Scheduled Exam Date: Monday afternoon\b May 7\b 2012Late-Testing Exam Date: Friday morning\b May 25\b 2012 Section I: At a Glance Section II: At a Glance Total Time: 1 hour, 10 minutes Numbe\b of Questions: 100 Pe\bcent of Total Sco\be: 66.6% W\biting Inst\bument: Pencil required Total Time: 50 minutes Numbe\b of Questions: \b Pe\bcent of Total Sco\be: 33.3% W\biting Inst\bument: Pen with black or dark blue ink Weight: The questions are weighted equally. Section I: Multiple Choice Booklet Instructions Section II: \bree Response Booklet Instructions Section I of this exam contains 100 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the circles for numbers 1 through 100 on your answer sheet. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions. Your total score on the multiple-choice section is based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions. The questions for Section II are printed in this booklet. You may use page 3 to organize your answers and for scratch work, but you must write your answers on the lined pages provided for each question. Write clearly and legibly. Do not skip lines. Cross out any errors you make; crossed-out work will not be scored. Manage your time carefully. Divide your time about equally between the two questions. You may proceed freely from one question to the next. You may review your responses if you finish before the end of the exam is announced.

220 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Psychology What P\bocto\bs Need to B\bing to This Exam • Exam packets • Answer sheets • AP Student Packs • 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual • This book — AP Exam \bnstructions • School Code and Home-School/Self- Study Codes • Pencil sharpener • Extra No. \b pencils with erasers • Extra pens with black or dark blue ink • Lined paper • Stapler • Watch • Signs for the door to the testing room – “Exam in Progress” – “Cell phones are prohibited in the testing room” SECTION I: Multiple Choice ! Do not begin the exam inst\buctions below until you have completed the app\bop\biate Gene\bal Inst\buctions fo\b you\b g\boup. Make sure you begin the exam at the designated time. \bf you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: It is Monday afternoon, May 7, and you will be taking the AP Psychology Exam. \bf you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: It is \briday morning, May 25, and you will be taking the AP Psychology Exam. In a moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. By opening this packet, you agree to all of the AP Program’s policies and procedures outlined in the 2011-12 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents . You may now remove the shrinkwrap from your exam packet and take out the Section I booklet, but do not open the booklet or the shrinkwrapped Section II materials. Put the white seals aside. . . . Look at page 1 of your answer sheet and locate the dark blue box near the top right-hand corner that states, “Take the AP Exam label from your Section I booklet and place the label here.”. . . Now look at the front cover of your exam booklet and locate the AP Exam label near the top left of the cover. . . . Carefully peel off the AP Exam label and place it on your answer sheet on the dark blue box that we just identified. . . . Now read the statements on the front cover of Section I and look up when you have finished. . . . Sign your name and write today’s date. Look up when you have finished. . . .

221 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP Exam Instruct\bons PSYCHOLOGY Now print your full legal name where indicated. Are there any questions? . . . Turn to the back cover and read it completely. Look up when you have finished. . . . Are there any questions? . . . Section I is the multiple-choice portion of the exam. You may never discuss these specific multiple-choice questions at any time in any form with anyone, including your teacher and other students. If you disclose these questions through any means, your AP Exam score will be canceled. Are there any questions? . . . You must complete the answer sheet using a No. 2 pencil only. Mark all of your responses on your answer sheet, one response per question. Completely fill in the circles. If you need to erase, do so carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper is not allowed, but you may use the margins or any blank space in the exam booklet for scratch work. Are there any questions? . . . You have 1 hour and 10 minutes for this section. Open your Section I booklet and begin. 12 6 3 9 Note Start Time here . Note Stop Time here . Check that students are marking their answers in pencil on their answer sheets, and that they are not looking at their shrinkwrapped Section II booklets. After 1 hour and 10 minutes, say: Stop working. Close your booklet and put your answer sheet on your desk, face up. Make sure you have your AP number label and an AP Exam label on page 1 of your answer sheet. I will now collect your answer sheet. Collect an answer sheet from each student. Check that each answer sheet has an AP number label and an AP Exam label. Then say: Now you must seal your exam booklet. Remove the white seals from the backing and press one on each area of your exam booklet cover marked “PLACE SEAL HERE.” \bold each seal over the back cover. When you have finished, place the booklet on your desk, face up. I will now collect your Section I booklet. . . . Check that each student has signed the front cover of the sealed Section I booklet. There is a 10-minute break between Sections I and II. When all Section I materials have been collected and accounted for and you are ready for the break, say: Please listen carefully to these instructions before we take a 10-minute break. Everything you placed under your chair at the beginning of the exam must stay there. Leave your shrinkwrapped Section II packet on your desk during the break. You are not allowed to consult teachers, other students, or textbooks about the exam during the break. You may not make phone calls, send text messages, check email, use a social networking site, or access any electronic or communication device. Remember, you are not allowed to discuss the multiple-choice section of this exam. \bailure to adhere to any of these rules could result in cancellation of your score. Are there any questions? . . .

222 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Psychology 126 3 9 You may begin your break. Testing will resume at . SECTION II: F\bee Response After the break, say: May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk. . . . You may now remove the shrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do so. . . . Read the bulleted statements on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have finished. . . . Now place an AP number label on the shaded box. If you don’t have any AP number labels, write your AP number in the box. Look up when you have finished. . . . Read the last statement. . . . Using your pen, print the first, middle and last initials of your legal name in the boxes and print today’s date where indicated. This constitutes your signature and your agreement to the statements on the front cover. . . . Turn to the back cover and read Item 1 under “Important Identification Information.” Print the first two letters of your last name and the first letter of your first name in the boxes. Look up when you have finished. . . . In Item 2, print your date of birth in the boxes. . . . In Item 3, write the school code you printed on the front of your Student Pack in the boxes. . . . Read Item 4. . . . Are there any questions? . . . I need to collect the Student Pack from anyone who will be taking another AP Exam. You may keep it only if you are not taking any other AP Exams this year. If you have no other AP Exams to take, place your Student Pack under your chair now. . . . While Student Packs are being collected, read the information on the back cover of the exam booklet. Do not open the booklet until you are told to do so. Look up when you have finished. . . . Collect the Student Packs. Then say: Are there any questions? . . . You have 50 minutes to complete Section II. It is suggested that you divide your time equally between the two questions. You are responsible for pacing yourself, and you may proceed freely from one question to the next. You must write your answers in the exam booklet using a pen. If you need

223 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP Exam Instruct\bons PSYCHOLOGY more paper during the exam, raise your hand. At the top of each extra piece of paper you use, be sure to write only your AP number and the number of the question you are working on. Do not write your name. Are there any questions? . . . You may begin. 126 3 9 Note Start Time here . Note Stop Time here . Check that students are using pens to write their answers in their exam booklets. After 40 minutes, say: There are 10 minutes remaining. After 10 minutes, say: Stop working and close your exam booklet. Place it on your desk, face up. . . . If any students used extra paper for the free-response section, have those students staple the extra sheet/s to the first page corresponding to that question in their exam booklets. Then say: Remain in your seat, without talking, while the exam materials are collected. . . . Collect a Section II booklet from each student. Check for the following: • Exam booklet front cover: The student placed an AP number label on the shaded box, and printed his or her initials and today’s date. • Exam booklet back cover: The student completed the “Important Identification Information” area. When all exam materials have been collected and accounted for, return to students any electronic devices you may have collected before the start of the exam. \bf you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: You may not discuss these specific free-response questions with anyone unless they are released on the College Board website in about two days. You should receive your score report in the mail about the third week of July. \bf you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: None of the questions in this exam may ever be discussed or shared in any way at any time. You should receive your score report in the mail about the third week of July. If any students completed the AP number card at the beginning of this exam, say: Please remember to take your AP number card with you. Then say: You are now dismissed.

224 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Psychology All exam materials should be put in secure storage until they are returned to the AP Program after your school’s last administration. Before storing materials, check the “School Use Only” section on page 1 of the answer sheet and: • Fill in the appropriate section number circle in order to view a separate AP Instructional Planning Report (for regularly scheduled exams only) or Subject Score Roster at the class section or teacher level. See “Post-Exam Activities” in the 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual . • Check your list of students who are eligible for fee reductions and fill in the appropriate circle on their registration answer sheets.

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B Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Use this section to capture student responses. (Note that the following answer sheet is a sample, and may differ from one used in an actual exam.)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Sign your legal name a\b it will appear on your college application\b. D ate To maintain the security of the exam and the validity of my AP score, \b will allow no one else to see the multiple-choice questions. \b will seal the multiple-choice booklet when asked to do so, and \b will not discuss these questions with anyone at any time after the completion of the section. \b am aware of and agree to the AP Program’s policies and procedures as outlined in the 2011-12 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents, including using test\ving accommodations \v(e.g., extended time\v, computer, etc.) only if \b ha\vve been preapproved\v by College Board Se\vrvices for Students with \vDisabilities. NAME AND EXAM AREA — COMPLETE THIS AREA AT EVERY EXAM. USE NO. 2 PENCIL ONLY A. SIGNATURE B123456789T PAGE \b Take the AP Exam label from your Section I book\Ylet and place the label here. Take an AP Number label from your AP Student Pack and place the label here. 20\b2 Answer Sheet B. LEGAL NAME Omit apostrophes, Jr., II. Legal First Name — First \b2 Letters Legal Last Name — First \b5 Letters MI A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z – – – – – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 12 7 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 S D. EXAM D ATE C. Y OUR AP NUMBER Month AM PM 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 F. MULTIPLE-CHOICE BOOKL\YET SERIAL NUMBER H. AP EXAM I AM TAKING USING THIS ANSWER SHEET Print E xam N ame: Print F orm C ode: Print F orm: 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Day Year I. DATE OF BIRTH J. SEX K. CURRENT GR ADE LEVEL STUDENT INFORMATION AREA — COMPLETE THIS AREA ONLY ONCE. Female Pre-9th 9th 10th 11th 12th Po\bt-12th Male L. SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER (Optional) M. EXPECTED D ATE OF COLLE GE ENTRANCE Fall 2012 Winter/Spring 2013 Summer 2014 Undecided 2015 N. STUDENT SEARCH SERVICE ® Ye\b No I w ant t he C ollege B oard t o \b end i nformation a bout m e t o c ollege\b, u niver\bitie\b a nd g overnment \b cholar\bhip p rogram\b i ntere\bted i n \b tudent\b l ike m e. Q. PARENTAL EDUCATION LEVEL Grade \bchool Some high \bchool High \bchool diploma or equivalent Bu\bine\b\b or trade \bchool Some college A\b\bociate or two-year degree Bachelor’\b or four-year degree Some g raduate o r p rofe\b\bional \b chool Graduate or profe\b\bional degree Exam Exam ETS USE ONLY SCHOOL USE ONLY Fee Reduction Granted Section Number Option 1 Option 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O. WHICH LANGUAGE DO YOU KNOW BEST? Engli\bh Engli\bh and another language about the \bame Another language G. ONLINE PROVIDER CODE E. EXAM S TART TIME 762000 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Father/ Male Guardian P. ETHNICITY/R ACE American Indian or Ala\bk a Native A\bian, A\bian Amer ican or Pacific I\blander Black or Afr ican Amer ican Mexican or Mexican Amer ican Puerto Rican Other Hi\bpanic, Latino or Latin Amer ican White Other Mother/ Female Guardian 00657-88488 • UNLPDF212 Q3428/ 1-4

S. LANGUAGE — Do not complete this section unle\Yss instructed to do so. \b 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I If this answer sheet is for the French Language and Culture, German Language and Culture, Italian Language and Culture, Spanish Language, or Spanish Literature Exam, please answer the following questions. Your responses will not af\Yfect your score. 1. Have you lived or \btudied for one month or more in a country where the language of the exam you are now taking i\b \bpoken? 2. Do you regularly \bpeak or hear the language at home? Ye\b No Ye\b No Indicate your answers to the exam questions in th\Yis section. If a question has\Y only four answer options, do not mark option E. Your answer sheet will be sco\Yred by machine. Use only No. 2 pencils to mark your answers on pages 2 and 3 (one response per questi\Yon). After you have determined your response, be sure to completely fill in the corresponding circle next to the number of the question you are answering. Stray marks and smudges could be read as answers, so erase carefully and completely. Any improper gridding may affect your score. Answers written in the multiple-choice booklet will no\Yt be scored. A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E \b 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \b0 \b\b \b2 \b3 \b4 \b5 \b6 \b7 \b8 \b9 20 2\b 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3\b 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4\b 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 505\b 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 6\b 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 7\b 72 73 74 75 ETS USE ONLY 48, 55, 62, 75, 87 R W O OTHER R W O PT02 TOTAL PT03 PT04 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA R. SURVEY QUESTIONS — Answer the survey questions in the\Y AP Student Pack. Do not put responses to exam questions in th\Yis section. PAGE 2

PAGE 3 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E 76 77 78 79 80 8\b 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 9\b 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 \b00 \b0\b \b02 \b03 \b04 \b05 \b06 \b07 \b08 \b09 \b\b0\b\b\b \b\b2 \b\b3 \b\b4 \b\b5 \b\b6 \b\b7 \b\b8 \b\b9 \b20 Be sure each mark is dark and completely fills the circle. If a question has\Y only four answer options, do not mark option E. QUESTIONS 76–\b20 © 2011 The College Board. College Board, AP, Student Search Service and the acorn logo are regi\btered trademark\b of the College Board.

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B Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions This is the multiple-choice section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

At a Glance Total Time1 hour, 10 minutes Number of Questions100 Percent of Total Score66.6% Writing InstrumentPencil required Instructions Section I of this exam contains 100 multiple-choice questions.Fill in only the circles for numbers 1 through 100 on your answer sheet. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple- choice questions on the answer sheet.No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer. Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple- choice questions. Your total score on the multiple- choice section is based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions. DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. AP ® Psychology Exam SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2012 Form I Form Code 4IBP4-S 85 Minimum 20% post-consumer waste

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- PSYCHOLOGY SECTION I Time — 1 hour and 10 minutes 100 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or inco mplete statements below is followe d by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. 1. A psychotherapist w ho believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anom- alies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality? (A) Cognitive (B) Behavioral (C) Biomedical (D) Sociological (E) Psychoanalytic 2. A person with obsessive -compulsive disorder is best described as an individual who experiences (A) memory loss (B) intense mood swings (C) extreme fear of open spaces (D) physical symptoms with no known cause (E) persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts 3. A research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants. One group receives a one-time treatment, and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatment had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research (A) a correlational study (B) an experiment (C) a case study (D) a survey (E) a cross-sequential study 4. The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the (A) suprachiasmatic nucleus (B) cerebellum (C) limbic system (D) medulla (E) hippocampus 5. Egocentrism, animism, and artificialism are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development? (A) Sensorimotor (B) Preoperational (C) Postformal (D) Concrete operations (E) Formal operations 6. Which of the following would an industrial- organizational psychologist be LEAST likely to study? (A) Managerial skills (B) Employee motivation (C) Job satisfaction (D) Corporate profitability (E) Pay incentive programs

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5- 7. Vic has unpredictable and repeated attacks of overwhelming anxiety that frequently leave him dizzy, nauseous, short of breath, and in tears. A psychologist is likely to view Vic’s behavior as indicative of (A) a panic disorder (B) a psychotic breakdown (C) a dissociative reaction (D) a phobia (E) an obsession 8. A stereotype is defined as which of the following? (A) An adjustment of one’s behavior in response to peer pressure (B) An action performed in response to authority (C) A belief that one’s own culture is superior to all others (D) A generalization about a social group (E) A negative action taken against someone who is a member of a social group 9. Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated? (A) Sleep apnea (B) Narcolepsy (C) Insomnia (D) Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (E) Somnambulism 10. The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its (A) loudness (B) timbre (C) amplitude (D) complexity (E) frequency 11. Balance is influenced by the (A) cochlea (B) basilar membrane (C) eardrum (D) auditory nerve (E) semicircular canals 12. Humanistic psychologists believe that the drive toward self-actualization is (A) primarily associated with peak experiences (B) associated with extroversion (C) typical of older individuals (D) innate (E) a developmental task of adolescence 13. A stubborn individual who accuses peers of being uncooperative is exhibiting which of the following defense mechanisms? (A) Identification (B) Denial (C) Projection (D) Reaction formation (E) Sublimation 14. Harry Harlow’s experime nts with rhesus monkeys suggest which of the following as most important for infants when establishing an attachment to their mothers? (A) The amount of time spent with the mother (B) The mother’s ability to protect the infant from physical harm (C) The mother’s ability to provide nourish- ment to the infant (D) The tactile characteristics of the mother (E) The particular vocalizations of the mother

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 15. The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as (A) spontaneous neural activity (B) the biofeedback monitor (C) a fixed-interval schedule (D) a circadian rhythm (E) active consciousness 16. Visual acuity is best in the (A) lens (B) iris (C) pupil (D) fovea (E) cornea 17. Individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting (A) self-actualization attributes (B) the fight-or-flight response (C) attributional deficits (D) cognitive dissonance (E) learned helplessness 18. Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body? (A) Circulatory system (B) Endocrine system (C) Limbic system (D) Sympathetic nervous system (E) Parasympathetic nervous system 19. The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the (A) hippocampus (B) hypothalamus (C) medulla (D) reticular formation (E) cerebellum 20. In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using? (A) Cognitive (B) Self-efficacy (C) Biomedical (D) Learning (E) Psychodynamic 21. Understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is called (A) mental representation (B) deep structure (C) a schema (D) object permanence (E) assimilation 22. When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a client’s test scores with another person? (A) When an employer inquires about the mental health status of the client (B) When the client provides written permission to share results (C) When a school official requests the test scores to aid in a college admission decision (D) When the test scores are within the normal range (E) Never

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 23. Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they (A) design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur (B) deinstitutionalize individuals through the use of halfway houses (C) treat currently existing problems before they reach epidemic proportions (D) treat currently existing problems only after they have reached epidemic proportions (E) treat a disease in an attempt to slow the spread of it 24. On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker (A) correctly answered all of the items on the test (B) obtained the highest scores in the standard- ization sample (C) scored at the average level for test takers of the same age (D) scored above the level of the average American adult (E) took as long as the average test taker to answer the test items 25. Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system’s ability to ward off illness? (A) Exposure to stress associated with final examination week (B) Having a serious argument with a close friend (C) Experiencing the death of a loved one (D) Being around someone who has a serious case of the flu (E) Suffering sleep deprivation due to staying up for several nights writing a research paper 26. The rationale underlying the use of projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test, is that they (A) can be efficiently administered in groups and scored by computer (B) can be given by almost anyone, since they are simple to administer and score (C) reveal the subjects’ personalities by eliciting responses to vague , ambiguous stimuli (D) provide clues to the subjects’ personalities based on behavioral theory (E) reveal patterns of the subjects’ personality traits by requiring responses to a large number of objective questions 27. The tendency to de velop a positive attitude toward a product that has been advertised repeatedly in the media is referred to as (A) impression management (B) the Purkinje shift (C) the mere-exposure effect (D) reaction formation (E) subliminal suggestion 28. As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of (A) motion parallax (B) retinal disparity (C) size constancy (D) continuity (E) common fate

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 29. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? (A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors (B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors (C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons (E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, effer- ent neurons, interneurons 30. An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy (A) requires less commitment from the client (B) achieves results more quickly (C) produces a significantly higher recovery rate (D) produces a higher rate of spontaneous remission (E) enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique 31. A study can be regarded as scientific only if (A) it utilizes an effective placebo (B) its findings are accepted by experts in the field (C) its findings are consistent with established theories (D) its conclusions are based on strong correla- tional data (E) its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studies 32. When a newborn infant is touched on the cheek, the infant will turn its head toward the source of stimulation. This be havior is known as (A) rooting (B) suckling (C) the patellar reflex (D) the Moro reflex (E) the Babinski reflex 33. Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron? (A) The nodes of Ranvier (B) The myelin sheath (C) The terminal buttons (D) The soma (E) The axon 34. In order to yield informat ion that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be (A) made up of at least 30 members of the popu- lation (B) as large as possible (C) normally distributed (D) representative of the population (E) made up of at least 50 percent of the members of the population

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- 35. Individuals exhibiting a hostile type A personality pattern are at an increased risk for (A) Alzheimer’s disease (B) cardiovascular disease (C) schizophrenia (D) substance abuse (E) anorexia nervosa 36. The factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include (A) proximity and similarity (B) contrasting values (C) similar tendencies to dominate or submit (D) similar attitudes toward authority (E) shared attributional biases 37. In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in (A) priming (B) levels of processing (C) proactive interference (D) procedural memory (E) episodic memory 38. Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following? (A) Repression of unpleasant emotions (B) Malfunctions of the body (C) Unconscious conflict (D) Inadequate reinforcement (E) Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions 39. According to Freudian theory, the component of the personality that is “blind, impulsive, and irrational” is the (A) ego (B) ego-ideal (C) id (D) libido (E) superego 40. In a research study, informed consent is a concern of (A) replicability (B) ethics (C) statistical significance (D) practical applicability (E) cross-cultural representativeness 41. The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a (A) bar graph (B) normal distribution (C) histogram (D) scatterplot (E) frequency polygon 42. The concept of habituation is best exemplified by which of the following situations? (A) An infant recognizes her father’s voice. (B) A college student is no longer kept awake by her roommate’s late-night typing. (C) A kitten avoids a couch after being reprimanded for sitting on it. (D) A rat learns to press a bar for food when a red light is flashed. (E) A motorist drives at the speed limit when there is a police officer in sight on the highway.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- 43. The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of (A) proximity (B) figure-ground (C) closure (D) common fate (E) simplicity 44. Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used? (A) Assertiveness training (B) Cognitive therapy (C) Behavioral therapy (D) Humanistic therapy (E) Psychoanalytic therapy 45. Which of the following is the best example of shaping? (A) A child receives five dollars each time he cleans his room. (B) An employee receives a termination notice after coming to work late every day over a period of three months. (C) A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times. (D) A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday. (E) A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage. 46. David Hubel and Torste n Wiesel’s research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that (A) patterns are recognized exclusively by template matching (B) many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information (C) pattern recognition occurs in the lateral geniculate nucleus (D) the retinal image must be upside down to be recognized (E) pattern recognition is better in normal-sighted individuals than in nearsighted or farsighted individuals 47. Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy’s belief best illustrates (A) self-actualization (B) psychological reactance (C) a preoperational schema (D) the basis for psychological determinism (E) an internal locus of control 48. An instructor conducted an experiment to deter- mine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn? (A) The group of students attaining the higher mean score had studied more than the other group. (B) The better study method will have different effects for students of varying levels of ability. (C) Neither group learned a significant amount. (D) There is a positive correlation between the results of the two methods. (E) There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 49. A student’s test score of 86 is at the 42nd per- centile. This means that this student has (A) received the 42nd highest score (B) answered 86 percent of the test items correctly (C) scored the same as 42 of her fellow students (D) scored the same as or higher than 42 percent of her fellow students (E) scored the same as or higher than 58 percent of her fellow students 50. Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? (A) Computed tomography (CT) (B) Electrooculography (EOG) (C) Electroencephalography (EEG) (D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (E) Positron emission tomography (PET) 51. A person assembling a tool one week after reading the instructions can remember the first and last steps of the procedure but not the middle ones. This best illustrates which of the following? (A) Encoding failure (B) Social facilitation (C) Retrograde amnesia (D) Repression (E) The serial position effect 52. Carol Gilligan’s critique of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development focuses primarily on (A) the order in which stages of moral develop- ment occur (B) the key events that mark the transitions between stages of moral development (C) the number of stages in moral development (D) how the course of moral development might be altered within certain cultures (E) differences between males and females in the course of moral development 53. For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS) , and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ? (A) The CR occurs after the CS but does not occur after other stimuli. (B) The CR occurs after a stimulus that is similar to the CS. (C) The CS and the UCS are repeatedly paired, and the CR gains strength. (D) The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength. (E) When the CR loses strength, a rest period is given, after which the CS again elicits the CR. 54. Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon? (A) Beth continues to participate in class because she is positively reinforced. (B) Adam is sleeping while the rest of his classmates are working on their group project. (C) Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more. (D) James feels pressure to go to the movies with his friends even though he prefers to go bowling. (E) Diana feels guilty because she did not help her family clear the table after dinner. 55. A child who learns that spoons are tableware and then correctly calls forks and knives tableware is demonstrating (A) rote learning (B) imitation training (C) discrimination training (D) stimulus generalization (E) classical conditioning

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -12- 56. Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological Association to ethical issues in research? (A) They have just begun to address such issues. (B) They disclaim ethical concerns regarding research. (C) They have developed codes of ethics for research with human participants only. (D) They have developed codes of ethics for research with animal subjects only. (E) They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects. 57. Lithium carbonate has been useful in some instances in the treatment of (A) bipolar disorder (B) dissociative identity disorder (C) autistic disorder (D) hypochondriasis (E) anorexia nervosa 58. Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event? (A) Telegraphic speech (B) Motherese (C) Babbling (D) Holophrasing (E) Paraphrasing 59. All of the following are reasons for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and scoring of assessment measures, such as standardized tests, EXCEPT to (A) allow comparisons among scores of various test takers (B) reduce the possible effects of extraneous variables on scores (C) increase the reliability and validity of the test scores (D) decrease the amount of time needed to administer the test (E) increase the objectivity of the scoring procedures used 60. John B. Watson is best known as the founder of (A) behaviorism (B) functionalism (C) rationalism (D) structuralism (E) mechanism 61. Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through which of the following cells? (A) Trigeminal and vestibular (B) Ganglion and vestibular (C) Bipolar and vestibular (D) Bipolar and Schwann (E) Bipolar and ganglion 62. Robert Rescorla’s contingency model of classical conditioning states that (A) conditioning occurs only when one event reliably predicts another (B) contiguity of stimuli is sufficient for condi- tioning to occur (C) reinforcement contingencies predict extinction (D) any stimulus can become conditioned when paired with an unconditioned stimulus (E) the only difference between the conditioned response and the uncondi tioned response is the stimulus used to elicit them 63. Which of the following types of validity is estab- lished by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on a test and later academic performance? (A) Content (B) Predictive (C) Face (D) Concurrent (E) Test-retest

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -13- 64. Which of the following best supports the hypo- thesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate? (A) Individuals typically experience a rise in blood pressure when they are afraid or angry. (B) Most individuals can distinguish between expressions of different basic emotions during the sensorimotor period. (C) Basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures. (D) Most individuals can identify their own emotional states from their physiological symptoms and the context of their present situation. (E) Infants and young animals cry when they are hungry. 65. In studying the behavior of five year olds in free- play situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children’s (A) problem-solving strategies (B) toy preferences (C) degree of cooperative behavior (D) prosocial play activities (E) choice of playmates 66. Which of the following results of correlational studies implies that environment contributes to the determination of IQ? (A) Correlations are higher for identical twins than for fraternal twins. (B) Correlations are higher for children and their biological parents than for children and their adoptive parents. (C) Correlations are higher for parents and their children than for husbands and wives. (D) Correlations for two children in the same family are lower when one of the children is adopted than when both are the biological offspring of the parents. (E) Correlations for children and their adoptive parents are statistically significant and positive. 67. Developmental research on the formation of attachment indicates that a child’s secure attachment to its mother during infancy is predictive of which of the following during its toddler years? (A) Social rejection (B) Impulsive behavior (C) Social competence (D) Divergent thinking (E) Shyness 68. Hallucinations are characteristic of (A) fugue (B) clinical depression (C) panic attacks (D) psychotic disorders (E) personality disorders 69. Alfred Binet’s efforts to measure intelligence were directed at (A) testing the worth of various theoretical definitions (B) operationally defining one theory of intelligence (C) predicting children’s success in school (D) selecting workers for successful job performance (E) establishing the learning potential of French military recruits 70. Training in the construction of an anxiety hierarchy and in relaxation techniques is likely to be part of the treatment for which of the following? (A) Schizophrenia (B) Bipolar disorder (C) Specific phobia (D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (E) Dissociative identity disorder

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -14- 71. A supervisor who doubts the competence of a new employee unwittingly criticizes everything the new employee does. If the new employee consequently performs poorly, which of the following will most likely have occurred? (A) Latent learning (B) Pluralistic ignorance (C) A self-fulfilling prophecy (D) The halo effect (E) The Hawthorne effect 72. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the need to have respect for ourselves and to be valued by others is classified within the category of (A) physiological needs (B) safety needs (C) belongingness needs (D) esteem needs (E) self-actualization needs 73. Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear? (A) Parasympathetic (B) Sympathetic (C) Neostriatum (D) Somatic (E) Cortical 74. Alicia has started a new and very different job but believes in her skills and ability to carry out the tasks required of her. Albert Bandura would refer to Alicia’s sense of confidence as which of the following? (A) Reciprocal determinism (B) Self-determination (C) Psychic determinism (D) Self-efficacy (E) Phenomenology 75. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer view emotion as resulting from (A) biochemical changes in the pituitary (B) cognitive labels of physiological changes (C) instinctual behavior (D) level of arousal (E) need for affiliation 76. The tendency to believe that another person’s behavior is caused by dispositional factors rather than by environmental factors is called (A) situational attribution (B) impression management (C) the fundamental attribution error (D) an implicit personality theory (E) identification 77. An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well-being attained in the past. This individual is showing (A) withdrawal symptoms (B) alcohol-induced psychosis (C) state-dependent learning (D) alcohol tolerance (E) delirium tremens 78. Which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable? (A) Some characteristic of research participants that is constant, such as gender (B) Some aspect of a participant’s response that is measured in an experiment (C) A factor that is manipulated by the experi- menter in order to observe its effects on some other factor (D) A factor that can be used to predict how people in an experiment will respond (E) A factor that is equated for the experimental and the control group

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -15- 79. All human languages have several basic sounds in common called (A) pheromones (B) semantic units (C) syntactic units (D) morphemes (E) phonemes 80. The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called (A) neural integration (B) refraction (C) synaptic transmission (D) the action potential (E) differential conduction 81. A technique that enables a person to control physiological res ponses that are normally involuntary, such as level of blood pressure, is known as (A) general adaptation (B) positive reinforcement (C) reward training (D) modeling (E) biofeedback

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -16- 82. Which of the following is the best interpretation of Solomon Asch’s findings, pictured above, concerning conformity in perceptual judgments? (A) The larger the group, the greater the conformity of group members. (B) The smaller the group, the greater the conformity of group members. (C) Conformity increases as group size increases to about four persons. (D) Conformity decreases as group size decreases to about four persons. (E) There is no relationship between group size and conformity. 83. Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that help solve problems and reduce mental effort are called (A) heuristics (B) algorithms (C) syllogisms (D) propositions (E) concepts 84. The Minnesota Multipha sic Personality Inventory is used primarily to provide information about which of the following? (A) Achievement (B) Communication skills (C) Intelligence (D) Body image (E) Clinical disorders

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -17- 85. Which of the following is true of the freque ncy distributions shown in the graphs above? (A) Distribution A has more variation than distributions B or C. (B) Distribution B has more variation than distributions A or C. (C) Distribution B and distributi on C have the same variation. (D) The standard deviation of distribution A is infinite. (E) The standard deviation of distribution B is zero. 86. Which of the following is a partial reinforcement schedule that is most resistant to extinction? (A) Noncontingent (B) Shaping (C) Variable ratio (D) Fixed ratio (E) Fixed interval 87. A young child shown a nine-inch round bowl and a six-inch round bowl containing equal amounts of popcorn says he is cer tain the smaller bowl has more popcorn than the larger bowl. This child has yet to acquire what Jean Piaget called (A) object permanence (B) equilibrium (C) functional fixedness (D) conservation (E) circular reactions 88. Which of the following concepts provides the best explanation for why people seek to put on warmer clothing when they start to feel cold? (A) Set-point theory (B) Homeostasis (C) Self-serving bias (D) Refractory period (E) Assimilation 89. The linguistic relativity hypothesis of Benjamin Whorf suggests which of the following? (A) People of different cultures use similar words for common objects. (B) Languages with many words to describe certain phenomena lack deep structure. (C) The number of phonemes used in spoken language is universal across cultures. (D) People of cultures with few words to describe certain phenomena are more precise in their descriptions. (E) Speakers of different languages think differently due to the differences in their languages.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -18- 90. An individual diagnosed as having a somatoform disorder would be most likely to show (A) an irrational fear of social situations (B) an inability to recall important life events (C) a biologically unfounded loss of bodily func- tioning (D) a complete disregard for social mores (E) a tendency to engage in ritualistic behavior to avoid illness 91. “It belongs to human nature to hate those you have injured.” This belief is best explained by (A) cognitive dissonance theory (B) the two-factor theory of emotion (C) evolutionary psychology (D) the availability heuristic (E) drive-reduction theory 92. To score high on a test of creativity, a person’s answers should be (A) original and valuable (B) normative and divergent (C) normative and convergent (D) unconscious and illogical (E) simple and contextual 93. Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as (A) declarative (B) semantic (C) sensory (D) procedural (E) repressed 94. After discussing a topic, a group makes a decision that is more extreme than the average position of all of the group members prior to discussion. The group’s action is an example of (A) group consensus (B) group polarization (C) group consistency (D) the mere-exposure effect (E) diffusion of responsibility 95. Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most lik ely indicates injury to which of the following? (A) The basal ganglia (B) Wernicke’s area (C) The substantia nigra (D) Broca’s area (E) The inferior colliculi

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -19- 96. Gender differences have most often been found in which of the following? (A) Aggression (B) Short-term memory (C) Auditory discrimination (D) Visual acuity (E) Pattern matching 97. Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory? (A) Roger has not eaten all day; therefore, he daydreams about pizza. (B) Pam was extremely thirsty and drank two bottles of water after running two miles. (C) Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home. (D) Despite low grades, Fred continues to study because he is interested in the material. (E) Kevin says that he is constantly hungry and eats at least five meals a day to reduce his hunger.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. -20- 98. The correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test yields information about the test’s (A) reliability (B) validity (C) frequency distribution of scores (D) central tendency of scores (E) standard error of measurement 99. Vance is a popular honors student who, unlike his reference group, writes his best papers sitting on his motorcycle in the basement of his college dor- mitory. His behavior can be considered abnormal only if abnormality is defined as (A) the need to rebel against authority (B) disinterest in the opinion of others (C) the perception of one’s self as different (D) deviation from cultural norms (E) the inability to work in a group 100. Failure to recognize that an object typically not used for a particular purpose can, in fact, serve that purpose illustrates which of the following? (A) Schema (B) Functional fixedness (C) Availability (D) Insight (E) Confirmation bias END OF SECTION I IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION. DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DONE THE FOLLOWING. • PLACED YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET • WRITTEN AND GRIDDED YOUR AP NUMBER CORRECTLY ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET • TAKEN THE AP EXAM LABEL FROM THE FRONT OF THIS BOOKLET AND PLACED IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

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B Section II: Free-Response Questions This is the free-response section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time50 minutes Number of Questions2 Percent of Total Score33.3% Writing InstrumentPen with black or dark blue ink WeightThe questions are weighted equally. Instructions The questions for Section II are printed in this booklet.You may use page 3 to organize your answers and for scratch work, but you must write your answers on the lined pages provided for each question. Write clearly and legibly. Do not skip lines.Cross out any errors you make; crossed- out work will not be scored. Manage your time carefully. Divide your time about equally between the two questions. You may proceed freely from one question to the next. You may review your responses if you finish before the end of the exam is announced. AP ® Psychology Exam SECTION II: Free Response 2012 Form I Form Code 4IBP4-S 85 Minimum 20% post-consumer waste

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- PSYCHOLOGY SECTION II Time — 50 minutes Percent of total score — 33 1 3 Directions: You have 50 minutes to answer BOTH of the follo wing questions. It is not enough to answer a question by merely listing facts. You should present a cogent argument based on your criti cal analysis of the questions posed, using appropriate psychological terminology. 1. Psychological research methodol ogies and statistics are characterized by strengths and weaknesses in investigating behavior. Each method or statistic is best suited for certain research questions. For each pair below, describe a condition under which one is more appropriate than the other. • Mean, median • Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics • Longitudinal study, cross-sectional study • Single-blind technique, double-blind technique • Random assignment, random selection • Survey, case study • Correlational study, experiment

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5- ADDITIONAL ANSWER PAGE FOR QUESTION 1

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- Question 1 is reprinted for your convenience. 1. Psychological research methodol ogies and statistics are characterized by strengths and weaknesses in investigating behavior. Each method or statistic is best suited for certain research questions. For each pair below, describe a condition under which one is more appropriate than the other. • Mean, median • Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics • Longitudinal study, cross-sectional study • Single-blind technique, double-blind technique • Random assignment, random selection • Survey, case study • Correlational study, experiment

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- ADDITIONAL ANSWER PAGE FOR QUESTION 1

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2. Lauren loves her parents very much but is so committed to playing the violin that she transferred from her original college to a music school against their wishes . Lauren practices and studies violin with a group of talented students. She aspires to a life as a concert musician. A. Explain how the concept of approach-approach conflict may have contributed to Lauren’s decision to change schools. B. Explain how self-actualization may contribut e to Lauren’s desire to play the violin. C. Using the following psychological terms, describe why Lauren plays the violin. • Intrinsic motivation • Social learning theory D. Explain how each of the following can a ffect Lauren as she plays the violin. • Acetylcholine • Difference threshold • Social facilitation

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- ADDITIONAL ANSWER PAGE FOR QUESTION 2

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- Question 2 is reprinted for your convenience. 2. Lauren loves her parents very much but is so committed to playing the violin that she transferred from her original college to a music school against their wishes . Lauren practices and studies violin with a group of talented students. She aspires to a life as a concert musician. A. Explain how the concept of approach-approach conflict may have contributed to Lauren’s decision to change schools. B. Explain how self-actualization may contribut e to Lauren’s desire to play the violin. C. Using the following psychological terms, describe why Lauren plays the violin. • Intrinsic motivation • Social learning theory D. Explain how each of the following can a ffect Lauren as she plays the violin. • Acetylcholine • Difference threshold • Social facilitation

-11- ADDITIONAL ANSWER PAGE FOR QUESTION 2 STOP END OF EXAM THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO THE COVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET. • MAKE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION AS REQUESTED ON THE FRONT AND BACK COVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET. • CHECK TO SEE THAT YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL APPEARS IN THE BOX(ES) ON THE COVER(S). • MAKE SURE YOU HAVE USED THE SAME SET OF AP NUMBER LABELS ON ALL AP EXAMS YOU HAVE TAKEN THIS YEAR.

B Multiple-Choice Answer Key The following contains the answers to the multiple-choice questions in this exam.

Answer Key for AP Psychology Practice Exam, Section I Multiple-Choice Questions Question # Key 1 C 2 E 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 E 11 E 12 D 13 C 14 D 15 D 16 D 17 E 18 B 19 A 20 A 21 D 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 D 26 C 27 C 28 C 29 A 30 E 31 E 32 A 33 C 34 D 35 B 36 A 37 B 38 E 39 C 40 B 41 D 42 B 43 B 44 C 45 D 46 B 47 E 48 E 49 D 50 E 51 E 52 E 53 D 54 C 55 D 56 E 57 A 58 C 59 D 60 A 61 E 62 A 63 B 64 C 65 A 66 E 67 C 68 D 69 C 70 C 71 C 72 D 73 B 74 D 75 B 76 C 77 D 78 B 79 E 80 D 81 E 82 C 83 A 84 E 85 B 86 C 87 D 88 B 89 E 90 C 91 A 92 A 93 D 94 B 95 D 96 A 97 C 98 A 99 D 100 B

B Free-Response Scoring Guidelines The following contains the scoring guidelines for the free-response questions in this exam.

AP ® Psychology 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONAL © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. Question 1 Psychological research methodologies and statistics are characterized by strengths and weaknesses in investigating behavior. Each method or statistic is best suited for certain research questions. For each pair below, describe a condition under which one is more appropriate than the other. • Mean, median • Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics • Longitudinal study, cross-sectional study • Single-blind technique, double-blind technique • Random assignment, random selection • Survey, case study • Correlational study, experiment General Considerations 1. The student’s answer MUST establish the context of the question in order to score. For example, definitions alone will not score. There must be a direct or implied comparison (e.g., “better”) between the two terms in order to establish “more appropriate.” 2. If the student answers both terms of the pair and gets only one correct, score the point UNLESS the second answer directly contradicts the first. Point 1: Mean, median The mean is more appropriate when data are not skewed OR are normally distributed. The median is more appropriate when data are skewed OR there are extreme scores. Point 2: Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics Descriptive statistics are more appropriate for summarizing, organizing, characterizing data/sample. Students can list/imply a relevant statistic (e.g., mean, variability, correlation). (DO NOT score “describe” or “describing” without additional clarification). Inferential statistics are more appropriate for comparing differences OR finding statistical significance OR drawing conclusions OR interpreting OR finding if events happened by chance. (DO NOT score “infer” or “inferring” without additional clarification). Point 3: Longitudinal study, cross-sectional study Longitudinal study is more appropriate for following the same people/cohort over time OR avoiding confounding variable(s) from cross-sectional research. Can refer to an individual if the focus is over time. Cross-sectional study is more appropriate to look at differences among different age groups at the same time OR more appropriate if there are time or money limitations (easier than longitudinal because …) OR to avoid the problem of all research participants having grown up in the same era OR to avoid attrition problem of longitudinal studies. Point 4: Single-blind technique, double-blind technique Single-blind technique is more appropriate when the experimenter is using a variable that makes blinding impossible (e.g., race, sex). Double-blind technique is more appropriate to eliminate experimenter bias OR both experimenter and participant bias. DO NOT SCORE: Both techniques can eliminate placebo/expectation effect … neither is more appropriate for this reason.

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